Revenue and metrics

Turnover: the sum of all bets

Turnover (total stakes) is the sum of all bets over a period, including winnings the player has staked again. In sports betting it is called handle. Turnover is dozens of times larger than GGR and is not revenue.

Yevhen SychovOctober 2026

Example

Turnover = sum of all bets over a periodA player deposited €50 and made 1,000 spins at €1: turnover is €1,000, although they only had €50.

Money goes round in circles: winnings are staked again. That is why turnover is almost always much larger than deposits.

  • Hold: GGR divided by turnover. It shows what share of bets the casino kept.
  • Theoretical win: turnover x house edge. Rakeback and VIP rewards are built on it.
  • Wagering: clearing a bonus is turnover too, adjusted for game weighting.
  • Loyalty points are usually awarded for real-money turnover.

Common mistakes

  • Reading turnover as revenue. Turnover growing without GGR growth can mean play on low-margin games or bonus wagering.
  • Comparing turnover across games. €100,000 on blackjack and on slots brings the casino very different money.
  • Mixing real-money and bonus bets. Count them separately for hold and rewards.
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